Project | Yu-Chao (Curtis) Wang's Personal Website

The Geography of Silicon: AMD's Island Codenames

Fri, 10 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Welcome to an interactive journey through the geography of silicon. During the early to mid-2010s, AMD utilized a naming scheme for their Radeon graphics architectures that took inspiration from famous islands across the world. From the icy terrains of the Arctic to the tropical paradises of the Caribbean and Oceania, these codenames marked significant milestones in computing history, including the legendary Graphics Core Next (GCN) architecture.

Explore the map below to discover the geographical origins of your favorite GPUs.

Northern Islands

HD 6000 Series & TeraScale 2

Barts (St. Barthélemy): Saint Barthelemy, a French-speaking Caribbean island commonly known as St. Barts, HD 6870
Cayman Islands: The Cayman Islands, a British Overseas Territory, HD 6970
Antilles: The Antilles, an archipelago within the West Indies in the Caribbean region of the Americas, HD 6990
Turks Islands: The eastern group of the Turks and Caicos Islands, a British Overseas Territory southeast of the Bahamas. Geographically and culturally part of the Caribbean, separated from the Caicos group by the Turks Island Passage. HD 5570, HD 6570, HD 6670, HD 7570, HD 7670 OEM, HD 8550 OEM
Caicos Islands: The larger western group of the Turks and Caicos Islands. The name 'Caicos' comes from 'caya hico' (string of islands). Primarily limestone islands surrounded by coral reefs, including Providenciales and North Caicos. HD 6450, HD 7470 OEM, HD 8490 OEM, R5 230, R5 235 OEM, R5 310 OEM

The last high-end generation utilizing the VLIW architecture before the monumental shift to GCN.

Southern Islands

HD 7000 Series & 1st Gen GCN

Tahiti: The largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France, HD 7970, HD 8970 OEM, R9 280X
Pitcairn: Pitcairn Island is a volcanic island in the southern Pacific Ocean, one of the 23 inhabited islands of the Pitcairn Islands group, HD 7870, HD 8870
Cape Verde: Cape Verde, officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an archipelago and island country in the central Atlantic Ocean, HD 7770, HD 8760 OEM, R7 250X
New Zealand: An island country in the southwestern Pacific. Used for the initial set of partner-designed dual-Tahiti HD 7990 cards (e.g., PowerColor, ASUS ARES II). HD 7990 (Initial/Custom)
Malta: A microstate in the Mediterranean known as the 'Heart of the Mediterranean'. Used for the official, higher-clocked (1GHz+) refresh of the HD 7990. HD 7990, HD 8990 OEM

Introduced the legendary GCN architecture, setting up AMD for a decade of graphics technology dominance.

Sea Islands

HD 8000 / Rx 200 Series & 2nd Gen GCN

Curaçao: A Lesser Antilles island in the Dutch Caribbean. HD 8860, R9 270X (Pitcairn refresh)
Bonaire: A Caribbean island in the Leeward Antilles. HD 7790, HD 8770 OEM, R7 260X
Tobago: The smaller of the two main islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Located at the southern end of the Lesser Antilles, it features the volcanic 'Main Ridge' mountains. R7 360, RX 455 OEM (Bonaire refresh)
Trinidad: The largest and most populous island of Trinidad and Tobago, located just 11km from Venezuela. Geologically part of South America and rich in oil and gas. R9 370X (Curacao refresh)
Hainan: Hainan is a tropical island province of China, Mobile/OEM
Öland: Öland is a Swedish island in the Baltic Sea, HD 8670 OEM, R7 250, R7 350 OEM

A refinement phase optimizing the initial GCN design for better performance-per-watt.

Volcanic Islands

R9 290/390 Series & 3rd Gen GCN

Hawaii: An island state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) southwest of the U.S. mainland. R9 290X, FirePro W9100
Tonga: An archipelago in Polynesia in the South Pacific Ocean. R9 285, R9 380 (1792 SPs)
Antigua: An island in the Leeward Islands known for its "365 beaches". R9 380X (Tonga refresh, full 2048 SPs)

Brought massive compute horsepower to the mainstream, forcing fierce competition in the enthusiast market.

Pirate Islands

Fury Series & 3rd Gen GCN + HBM

Fiji: an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean, R9 FURY X, F9 Nano, Radeon Pro SSG, Instinct MI8

Fiji was an engineering marvel, utilizing groundbreaking High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM) next to the die.

Arctic Islands

RX 400 Series & Polaris

Ellesmere: the northernmost and third-largest island in Canada, located in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Polaris 10, RX 480, WX 7100, Radeon Pro Duo Polaris
Baffin: in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, Polaris 11, RX 460, WX 4100

Shifted focus slightly from high-end to mass-market domination with the 14nm FinFET process.

Blox Reference Gallery

Fri, 03 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

PACGA Miku Poster

Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This is a poster design for Purdue Animation Comic Game Association (PACGA) printed and distributed on Apr 1st, 2025.

Central Character: Hatsune Miku

The poster centers on Hatsune Miku, a globally celebrated virtual singer from Crypton Future Media’s Vocaloid software. As a cornerstone of anime and “otaku” culture, she represents creativity, technology, and community—values that resonate deeply with PACGA. Her iconic status and widespread recognition make her a fitting ambassador for this student-led animation, comic, and game association.

Target Audience

The target audience of this poster is Chinese-speaking people at Purdue University.

Design Concept and Cultural Inspiration

Hatsune Miku is portrayed in a meditative, cross-legged pose, inspired by Buddhist imagery and the playful meme “初音菩萨” (Hatsune Bosatsu). This concept stems from a visual pun: the character “音” appears in both “Hatsune, 初音” and “Kannon/Guan-Yin, 观音” (the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy). Further tying into this theme, “Purdue University” phonetically resembles “普渡大学” (Pu-Du Da-Xue), evoking the Buddhist idea of “普渡众生” (Pu-Du Zhong-Sheng, saving all sentient beings). These cultural references, popular within Chinese-speaking circles at Purdue, align perfectly with the poster’s target audience, as evidenced by its use of Traditional Chinese characters, enhancing its thematic depth and humor.

Design Process and Technical Workflow

The creation process leveraged advanced AI tools over a week-long journey:

Image Generation: Stable Diffusion XL (SDXL) was employed within the ComfyUI framework, with ControlNet’s OpenPose ensuring precise control over Hatsune Miku’s meditative stance.
Post-Processing: Initial outputs were refined in Paint.NET for adjustments, then enhanced and upscaled via an img2img workflow to add intricate details.
Model Choice: Despite newer models like Stable Diffusion 3.5 Large and FLUX dev being available in April 2025, SDXL and SD1.5 were selected in the community for their robust plugin ecosystems in ComfyUI and WebUI, offering superior control and excelling in anime-style generation—ideal for this project’s aesthetic.

Final Assembly and Typography

The poster was polished in Photoshop, integrating key design elements:

Fonts: The pixelated JFドット東雲明朝12 font was chosen for its retro, playful vibe, reflecting PACGA’s casual, student-driven ethos and complementing the pixel-art theme. The right side features gradient text in Morganite, guiding viewers toward a QR code with a call to action.
Layout: A dark blue-to-purple gradient background with subtle pixelation frames Hatsune Miku, while additional text in Traditional Chinese reinforces the community invitation.

Creative Journey and Impact of AI

This project, spanning roughly one week, involved extensive conceptualization of the character’s pose and layout. Embedding AI workflows, particularly Stable Diffusion, was transformative. Sourcing an image of Hatsune Miku in a meditative pose would have been nearly impossible without AI, requiring costly commissions or extensive searches. This technology democratized the process, enabling independent creation and saving significant time and effort. The experience underscores AI’s potential to revolutionize design, fueling excitement for its future applications.

This poster blends cultural wit, technical innovation, and community spirit, delivering a visually striking and meaningful design tailored to an important part of PACGA’s audience and mission.

Discrete GPU Database

Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

GPU Commercial Name	Brand	Release Date	Launch Price	Architecture	Foundry	Process Size	Die Name	Die Variant	Bus Interface	Shading Units	TMUs	ROPs	Logic Clusters	Tensor Cores	RT Cores	L0 Cache	L1 Cache	L2 Cache	L3 Cache	Mem Size	Mem Type	Mem Bus	Bandwidth	Base Clock	Boost Clock	Mem Clock	Effective Mem Spd	TDP	FP16 (GFLOPS)	FP32 (GFLOPS)	FP64 (GFLOPS)	Pixel Rate	Texture Rate	DirectX	OpenGL	OpenCL	Vulkan	CUDA Compute Capability	Shader Model
GeForce 8800 Ultra	NVIDIA	2007-05-02	829 USD	Tesla	TSMC	90 nm	G80	G80-450-A3	PCIe 1.0 x16	128	32	24	16 SMs					96 KB		768 MB	GDDR3	384 bit	103.7 GB/s	612 MHz		1080 MHz	2.2 Gbps	171 W		387.1		14.69 GPixel/s	39.17 GTexel/s	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1 (1.0)		1.0	4.0
Quadro FX 5600	NVIDIA	2007-03-05	2,999 USD	Tesla	TSMC	90 nm	G80	G80-875-A2	PCIe 1.0 x16	128	32	24	16 SMs					96 KB		1536 MB	GDDR3	384 bit	76.8 GB/s	600 MHz		800 MHz	1.6 Gbps	171 W		345.6		14.40 GPixel/s	38.40 GTexel/s	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1 (1.0)		1.0	4.0
Tesla C870	NVIDIA	2007-05-02	1,499 USD	Tesla	TSMC	90 nm	G80		PCIe 1.0 x16	128	32	24	16 SMs					96 KB		1536 MB	GDDR3	384 bit	76.8 GB/s	600 MHz		800 MHz	1.6 Gbps	171 W		345.6		14.40 GPixel/s	38.40 GTexel/s	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1 (1.0)		1.0	4.0
GeForce 8800 GTX	NVIDIA	2006-11-08	599 USD	Tesla	TSMC	90 nm	G80	G80-300-A2	PCIe 1.0 x16	128	32	24	16 SMs					96 KB		768 MB	GDDR3	384 bit	86.4 GB/s	576 MHz		900 MHz	1.8 Gbps	155 W		345.6		13.82 GPixel/s	36.86 GTexel/s	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1 (1.0)		1.0	4.0
GeForce 9800 GTX	NVIDIA	2008-03-28	299 USD	Tesla	TSMC	65 nm	G92	G92-420-A2	PCIe 2.0 x16	128	64	16	16 SMs					64 KB		512 MB	GDDR3	256 bit	70.4 GB/s	675 MHz		1100 MHz	2.2 Gbps	140 W		432.1		10.80 GPixel/s	43.20 GTexel/s	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1		1.1	4.0
Quadro FX 4700 X2	NVIDIA	2008-04-18	2,999 USD	Tesla	TSMC	65 nm	G92	G92-880-A2	PCIe 2.0 x16	128 (x2)	64 (x2)	16 (x2)	16 (x2) SMs					64 KB (x2)		1024 MB (x2)	GDDR3	256 bit (x2)	51.2 GB/s (x2)	600 MHz		800 MHz	1.6 Gbps	226 W		384 (x2)		9.600 GPixel/s (x2)	38.40 GTexel/s (x2)	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1		1.1	4.0
GeForce 9800 GX2	NVIDIA	2008-03-18	599 USD	Tesla	TSMC	65 nm	G92	G92-450-A2	PCIe 2.0 x16	128 (x2)	64 (x2)	16 (x2)	16 (x2) SMs					64 KB (x2)		512 MB (x2)	GDDR3	256 bit (x2)	64 GB/s (x2)	600 MHz		1000 MHz	2 Gbps	197 W		384 (x2)		9.600 GPixel/s (x2)	38.40 GTexel/s (x2)	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1		1.1	4.0
GeForce 9800 GTX+	NVIDIA	2009-01-16	229 USD	Tesla	TSMC	55 nm	G92B	G92-420-B1	PCIe 2.0 x16	128	64	16	16 SMs					64 KB		512 MB	GDDR3	256 bit	70.4 GB/s	738 MHz		1100 MHz	2.2 Gbps	141 W		470		11.81 GPixel/s	47.23 GTexel/s	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1		1.1	4.0
GeForce GTS 250	NVIDIA	2009-03-04	199 USD	Tesla	TSMC	55 nm	G92B	G92-428-B1	PCIe 2.0 x16	128	64	16	16 SMs					64 KB		1024 MB	GDDR3	256 bit	64 GB/s	702 MHz		1000 MHz	2 Gbps	150 W		387.1		11.23 GPixel/s	44.93 GTexel/s	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1		1.1	4.0
Radeon HD 2900 XT	ATI	2007-05-14	399 USD	TeraScale	TSMC	80 nm	R600	R600 XT	PCIe 1.0 x16	320	16	16	4 CUs					256 KB		512 MB	GDDR3	512 bit	106 GB/s	743 MHz		828 MHz	1.66 Gbps	215 W		475.5		11.89 GPixel/s	11.89 GTexel/s	10.0 (10_0)	3.3 (full), 4.0 (partial)				4.0
FireGL V8650	ATI	2007-08-06	2,799 USD	TeraScale	TSMC	80 nm	R600	R600 V8650	PCIe 1.0 x16	320	16	16	4 CUs					256 KB		2048 MB	GDDR4	512 bit	111.1 GB/s	688 MHz		868 MHz	1.74 Gbps	unknown		440.3		11.01 GPixel/s	11.01 GTexel/s	10.0 (10_0)	3.3 (full), 4.0 (partial)				4.0
FireGL V8600	ATI	2007-05-14	1,899 USD	TeraScale	TSMC	80 nm	R600	R600 V8600	PCIe 1.0 x16	320	16	16	4 CUs					256 KB		1024 MB	GDDR4	512 bit	111.1 GB/s	688 MHz		868 MHz	1.74 Gbps	159 W		440.3		11.01 GPixel/s	11.01 GTexel/s	10.0 (10_0)	3.3 (full), 4.0 (partial)				4.0
FireGL V7700	ATI	2007-11-19	899 USD	TeraScale	TSMC	55 nm	RV670	RV670 GL	PCIe 2.0 x16	320	16	16	4 CUs					256 KB		512 MB	GDDR4	256 bit	72.06 GB/s	777 MHz		1126 MHz	2.3 Gbps	unknown		497.3	99.5 (1:5)	12.43 GPixel/s	12.43 GTexel/s	10.1 (10_1)	3.3 (full), 4.0 (partial)				4.1
Radeon HD 3870	ATI	2007-11-19	269 USD	TeraScale	TSMC	55 nm	RV670	RV670 XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	320	16	16	4 CUs					256 KB		512 MB	GDDR4	256 bit	72.06 GB/s	777 MHz		1126 MHz	2.3 Gbps	106 W		497.3	99.5 (1:5)	12.43 GPixel/s	12.43 GTexel/s	10.1 (10_1)	3.3 (full), 4.0 (partial)				4.1
FireStream 9270	AMD	2008-11-13		TeraScale	TSMC	55 nm	RV770	RV770 XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	800	40	16	10 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	256 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	115.2 GB/s	750 MHz		900 MHz	3.6 Gbps	160 W		1200	240 (1:5)	12.00 GPixel/s	30.00 GTexel/s	10.1 (10_1)	3.3	1.1			4.1
Radeon HD 4890	ATI	2009-04-02	249 USD	TeraScale	TSMC	55 nm	RV790	RV790 XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	800	40	16	10 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	256 KB		1024 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	124.8 GB/s	850 MHz		975 MHz	3.9 Gbps	190 W		1360	272 (1:5)	13.60 GPixel/s	34.00 GTexel/s	10.1 (10_1)	3.3	1.1			4.1
FirePro V8750	ATI	2008-07-28	1,799 USD	TeraScale	TSMC	55 nm	RV770	RV770 XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	800	40	16	10 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	256 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	115.2 GB/s	750 MHz		900 MHz	3.6 Gbps	151 W		1200	240 (1:5)	12.00 GPixel/s	30.00 GTexel/s	10.1 (10_1)	3.3	1.1			4.1
FirePro V8700	ATI	2008-09-11	1,499 USD	TeraScale	TSMC	55 nm	RV770	RV770 XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	800	40	16	10 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	256 KB		1024 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	108.8 GB/s	750 MHz		850 MHz	3.4 Gbps	151 W		1200	240 (1:5)	12.00 GPixel/s	30.00 GTexel/s	10.1 (10_1)	3.3	1.1			4.1
Radeon HD 4870	ATI	2008-06-25	299 USD	TeraScale	TSMC	55 nm	RV770	RV770 XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	800	40	16	10 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	256 KB		512 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	115.2 GB/s	750 MHz		900 MHz	3.6 Gbps	150 W		1200	240 (1:5)	12.00 GPixel/s	30.00 GTexel/s	10.1 (10_1)	3.3	1.1			4.1
Radeon HD 3870 X2	ATI	2008-01-26	449 USD	TeraScale	TSMC	55 nm	R680	R680 XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	320 (x2)	16 (x2)	16 (x2)	4 (x2) CUs					256 KB (x2)		512 MB (x2)	GDDR3	256 bit (x2)	57.66 GB/s (x2)	825 MHz		901 MHz	1.8 Gbps	165 W		528 (x2)	105.6 (x2) (1:5)	13.20 GPixel/s (x2)	13.20 GTexel/s (x2)	10.1 (10_1)	3.3 (full), 4.0 (partial)				4.1
GeForce GTX 285	NVIDIA	2008-12-23	359 USD	Tesla 2.0	TSMC	55 nm	GT200B	G200-350-B3	PCIe 2.0 x16	240	80	32	30 SMs					256 KB		1024 MB	GDDR3	512 bit	159 GB/s	648 MHz		1242 MHz	2.5 Gbps	204 W		708.5	88.6 (1:8)	20.74 GPixel/s	51.84 GTexel/s	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1		1.3	4.0
Quadro FX 5800	NVIDIA	2008-11-11	3,499 USD	Tesla 2.0	TSMC	55 nm	GT200B		PCIe 2.0 x16	240	80	32	30 SMs					256 KB		4096 MB	GDDR3	512 bit	102.4 GB/s	610 MHz		800 MHz	1.6 Gbps	189 W		622.1	77.8 (1:8)	19.52 GPixel/s	48.80 GTexel/s	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1		1.3	4.0
Tesla C1080	NVIDIA	2009-04-09		Tesla 2.0	TSMC	55 nm	GT200B		PCIe 2.0 x16	240	80	32	30 SMs					256 KB		4096 MB	GDDR3	512 bit	102.4 GB/s	610 MHz		800 MHz	1.6 Gbps	188 W		622.1	77.8 (1:8)	19.52 GPixel/s	48.80 GTexel/s	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1		1.3	4.0
GeForce GTX 280	NVIDIA	2008-06-16	649 USD	Tesla 2.0	TSMC	65 nm	GT200	G200-300-A2	PCIe 2.0 x16	240	80	32	30 SMs					256 KB		1024 MB	GDDR3	512 bit	141.7 GB/s	602 MHz		1107 MHz	2.2 Gbps	236 W		622.1	77.8 (1:8)	19.26 GPixel/s	48.16 GTexel/s	11.1 (10_0)	3.3	1.1		1.3	4.0
GeForce GTX 590	NVIDIA	2011-03-24	699 USD	Fermi 2.0	TSMC	40 nm	GF110	GF110-351-A1	PCIe 2.0 x16	512	64	48	16 SMs				64 KB (per SM)	768 KB		1536 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	164 GB/s	608 MHz		854 MHz	3.4 Gbps	365 W		1244	155.5 (1:8)	19.46 GPixel/s	38.91 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	1.1		2.0	5.1
GeForce GTX 580	NVIDIA	2010-11-09	499 USD	Fermi 2.0	TSMC	40 nm	GF110	GF110-375-A1	PCIe 2.0 x16	512	64	48	16 SMs				64 KB (per SM)	768 KB		1536 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	192.4 GB/s	772 MHz		1002 MHz	4 Gbps	244 W		1581	197.6 (1:8)	24.70 GPixel/s	49.41 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	1.1		2.0	5.1
Quadro 7000	NVIDIA	2012-05-02	14,499 USD	Fermi 2.0	TSMC	40 nm	GF110		PCIe 2.0 x16	512	64	48	14 SMs				64 KB (per SM)	768 KB		6144 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	163.4 GB/s	651 MHz		851 MHz	3.4 Gbps	204 W		1332	666.1 (1:2)	18.23 GPixel/s	41.66 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	1.1		2.0	5.1
GeForce GTX TITAN BLACK	NVIDIA	2014-02-18	999 USD	Kepler	TSMC	28 nm	GK110B	GK110-430-B1	PCIe 3.0 x16	2880	240	48	15 SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	1536 KB		6144 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	336 GB/s	889 MHz	980 MHz	1750 MHz	7 Gbps	250 W		5645	1882 (1:3)	58.80 GPixel/s	235.2 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.5	6.5 (5.1)
GeForce GTX 780 Ti	NVIDIA	2013-11-07	699 USD	Kepler	TSMC	28 nm	GK110B	GK110-425-B1	PCIe 3.0 x16	2880	240	48	15 SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	1536 KB		3072 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	336.6 GB/s	875 MHz	928 MHz	1753 MHz	7 Gbps	250 W		5345	222.7 (1:24)	55.68 GPixel/s	222.7 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.5	6.5 (5.1)
Quadro K6000	NVIDIA	2013-07-23	5,265 USD	Kepler	TSMC	28 nm	GK110B	GK110-890-B1	PCIe 3.0 x16	2880	240	48	15 SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	1536 KB		12288 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	288.4 GB/s	797 MHz	902 MHz	1502 MHz	6 Gbps	225 W		5196	1732 (1:3)	54.12 GPixel/s	216.5 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.5	6.5 (5.1)
Tesla K40c	NVIDIA	2013-10-08	7,699 USD	Kepler	TSMC	28 nm	GK180	GK180-890-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	2880	240	48	15 SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	1536 KB		12288 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	288.4 GB/s	745 MHz	876 MHz	1502 MHz	6 Gbps	245 W		5046	1682 (1:3)	52.56 GPixel/s	210.2 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.5	5.1
GeForce GTX TITAN Z	NVIDIA	2014-05-28	2,999 USD	Kepler	TSMC	28 nm	GK110B	GK110-350-B1	PCIe 3.0 x16	2880 (x2)	240 (x2)	48 (x2)	15 (x2) SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	1536 KB (x2)		6144 MB (x2)	GDDR5	384 bit (x2)	336 GB/s (x2)	705 MHz	876 MHz	1750 MHz	7 Gbps	375 W		5046 (x2)	1682 (x2) (1:3)	52.56 GPixel/s (x2)	210.2 GTexel/s (x2)	12 (11_1)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.5	6.5 (5.1)
GeForce GTX 770	NVIDIA	2013-05-30	399 USD	Kepler	TSMC	28 nm	GK104	GK104-425-A2	PCIe 3.0 x16	1536	128	32	8 SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	512 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	224.4 GB/s	1046 MHz	1085 MHz	1753 MHz	7 Gbps	230 W		3333	138.9 (1:24)	34.72 GPixel/s	138.9 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.0	6.5 (5.1)
GeForce GTX 680	NVIDIA	2012-03-22	499 USD	Kepler	TSMC	28 nm	GK104	GK104-400-A2	PCIe 3.0 x16	1536	128	32	8 SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	512 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	192.3 GB/s	1006 MHz	1058 MHz	1502 MHz	6 Gbps	195 W		3250	135.4 (1:24)	33.86 GPixel/s	135.4 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.0	6.5 (5.1)
GeForce GTX 690	NVIDIA	2012-05-03	999 USD	Kepler	TSMC	28 nm	GK104	GK104-355-A2	PCIe 3.0 x16	1536 (x2)	128 (x2)	32 (x2)	8 (x2) SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	512 KB (x2)		2048 MB (x2)	GDDR5	256 bit (x2)	192.3 GB/s (x2)	915 MHz	1019 MHz	1502 MHz	6 Gbps	300 W		3130 (x2)	130.4 (x2) (1:24)	32.61 GPixel/s (x2)	130.4 GTexel/s (x2)	12 (11_0)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.0	6.5 (5.1)
GRID K2	NVIDIA	2013-05-11	5,199 USD	Kepler	TSMC	28 nm	GK104	GK104-895-A2	PCIe 3.0 x16	1536	128	32	8 SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	512 KB		4096 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	160 GB/s	745 MHz		1250 MHz	5 Gbps	225 W		2289	95.4 (1:24)	23.84 GPixel/s	95.36 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.0	6.5 (5.1)
Quadro K5000	NVIDIA	2012-08-17	2,499 USD	Kepler	TSMC	28 nm	GK104		PCIe 2.0 x16	1536	128	32	8 SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	512 KB		4096 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	172.8 GB/s	706 MHz		1350 MHz	5.4 Gbps	122 W		2169	90.4 (1:24)	22.59 GPixel/s	90.37 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.0	6.5 (5.1)
Quadro M6000 24 GB	NVIDIA	2016-03-05	4,999 USD	Maxwell 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	GM200	GM200-880-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	3072	192	96	24 SMMs				48 KB (per SMM)	3 MB		24576 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	317.4 GB/s	988 MHz	1114 MHz	1653 MHz	6.6 Gbps	250 W		6844	213.9 (1:32)	106.9 GPixel/s	213.9 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.2	6.8
Quadro M6000	NVIDIA	2015-03-21		Maxwell 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	GM200		PCIe 3.0 x16	3072	192	96	24 SMMs				48 KB (per SMM)	3 MB		12288 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	317.4 GB/s	988 MHz	1114 MHz	1653 MHz	6.6 Gbps	250 W		6844	213.9 (1:32)	106.9 GPixel/s	213.9 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.2	6.8
GeForce GTX TITAN X	NVIDIA	2015-03-17	999 USD	Maxwell 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	GM200	GM200-400-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	3072	192	96	24 SMMs				48 KB (per SMM)	3 MB		12288 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	336.6 GB/s	1000 MHz	1089 MHz	1753 MHz	7 Gbps	250 W		6691	209.1 (1:32)	104.5 GPixel/s	209.1 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.2	6.8
Tesla M40 24 GB	NVIDIA	2015-11-10		Maxwell 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	GM200	GM200-895-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	3072	192	96	24 SMMs				48 KB (per SMM)	3 MB		24576 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	288.4 GB/s	948 MHz	1112 MHz	1502 MHz	6 Gbps	250 W		6832	213.5 (1:32)	106.8 GPixel/s	213.5 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.2	6.8
Tesla M40	NVIDIA	2015-11-10		Maxwell 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	GM200	GM200-895-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	3072	192	96	24 SMMs				48 KB (per SMM)	3 MB		12288 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	288.4 GB/s	948 MHz	1112 MHz	1502 MHz	6 Gbps	250 W		6832	213.5 (1:32)	106.8 GPixel/s	213.5 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.2	6.8
GeForce GTX 980	NVIDIA	2014-09-19	549 USD	Maxwell 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	GM204	GM204-400-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	2048	128	64	16 SMMs				48 KB (per SMM)	2 MB		4096 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	224.4 GB/s	1127 MHz	1216 MHz	1753 MHz	7 Gbps	165 W		4981	155.6 (1:32)	77.82 GPixel/s	155.6 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.2	6.8
Tesla M60	NVIDIA	2015-08-30		Maxwell 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	GM204		PCIe 3.0 x16	2048 (x2)	128 (x2)	64 (x2)	16 (x2) SMMs				48 KB (per SMM)	2 MB (x2)		8192 MB (x2)	GDDR5	256 bit (x2)	160.4 GB/s (x2)	557 MHz	1178 MHz	1253 MHz	5 Gbps	300 W		4825 (x2)	150.8 (x2) (1:32)	75.39 GPixel/s (x2)	150.8 GTexel/s (x2)	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.2	6.8
Quadro M5000	NVIDIA	2015-06-29		Maxwell 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	GM204	GM204-875-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	2048	128	64	16 SMMs				48 KB (per SMM)	2 MB		8192 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	211.6 GB/s	861 MHz	1038 MHz	1653 MHz	6.6 Gbps	150 W		4252	132.9 (1:32)	66.43 GPixel/s	132.9 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.2	6.8
Quadro P6000	NVIDIA	2016-10-01	5,999 USD	Pascal	TSMC	16 nm	GP102	GP102-875-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	3840	240	96	30 SMs				48 KB (per SM)	3 MB		24576 MB	GDDR5X	384 bit	432.8 GB/s	1506 MHz	1645 MHz	1127 MHz	9 Gbps	250 W	197.4 (1:64)	12630	394.8 (1:32)	157.9 GPixel/s	394.8 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	6.1	6.8
TITAN Xp	NVIDIA	2017-04-06	1,199 USD	Pascal	TSMC	16 nm	GP102	GP102-450-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	3840	240	96	30 SMs				48 KB (per SM)	3 MB		12288 MB	GDDR5X	384 bit	547.6 GB/s	1405 MHz	1582 MHz	1426 MHz	11.4 Gbps	250 W	189.8 (1:64)	12150	379.7 (1:32)	151.9 GPixel/s	379.7 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	6.1	6.8
Tesla P40	NVIDIA	2016-09-13	5,699 USD	Pascal	TSMC	16 nm	GP102		PCIe 3.0 x16	3840	240	96	30 SMs				48 KB (per SM)	3 MB		24576 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	347.1 GB/s	1303 MHz	1531 MHz	1808 MHz	7.2 Gbps	250 W	183.7 (1:64)	11760	367.4 (1:32)	147.0 GPixel/s	367.4 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	6.1	6.8
Quadro GP100	NVIDIA	2016-10-01		Pascal	TSMC	16 nm	GP100	GP100-897-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	3584	224	96	56 SMs				24 KB (per SM)	4 MB		16384 MB	HBM2	4096 bit	732.2 GB/s	1304 MHz	1443 MHz	715 MHz	1.43 Gbps	235 W	20690 (2:1)	10340	5172 (1:2)	138.5 GPixel/s	323.2 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	6.0	6.0
Quadro P5000	NVIDIA	2016-10-01	2,499 USD	Pascal	TSMC	16 nm	GP104	GP104-875-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	2560	160	64	20 SMs				48 KB (per SM)	2 MB		16384 MB	GDDR5X	256 bit	288.5 GB/s	1607 MHz	1733 MHz	1127 MHz	9 Gbps	180 W	138.6 (1:64)	8873	277.3 (1:32)	110.9 GPixel/s	277.3 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	6.1	6.8
GeForce GTX 1080	NVIDIA	2016-05-27	599 USD	Pascal	TSMC	16 nm	GP104	GP104-400-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	2560	160	64	20 SMs				48 KB (per SM)	2 MB		8192 MB	GDDR5X	256 bit	320.3 GB/s	1607 MHz	1733 MHz	1251 MHz	10 Gbps	180 W	138.6 (1:64)	8873	277.3 (1:32)	110.9 GPixel/s	277.3 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	6.1	6.8
Tesla P4	NVIDIA	2016-09-13		Pascal	TSMC	16 nm	GP104	GP104-895-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	2560	160	64	20 SMs				48 KB (per SM)	2 MB		8192 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	192.3 GB/s	886 MHz	1114 MHz	1502 MHz	6 Gbps	75 W	89.1 (1:64)	5704	178.2 (1:32)	71.30 GPixel/s	178.2 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	6.1	6.8
Quadro GV100	NVIDIA	2018-03-27	8,999 USD	Volta	TSMC	12 nm	GV100	GV100-875-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	5120	320	128	80 SMs	640			128 KB (per SM)	6 MB		32768 MB	HBM2	4096 bit	868.4 GB/s	1132 MHz	1627 MHz	848 MHz	1.7 Gbps	250 W	33320 (2:1)	16660	8330 (1:2)	208.3 GPixel/s	520.6 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	7.0	6.8
TITAN V	NVIDIA	2017-12-07	2,999 USD	Volta	TSMC	12 nm	GV100	GV100-400-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	5120	320	96	80 SMs	640			96 KB (per SM)	4.5 MB		12288 MB	HBM2	3072 bit	651.3 GB/s	1200 MHz	1455 MHz	848 MHz	1.7 Gbps	250 W	29800 (2:1)	14900	7450 (1:2)	139.7 GPixel/s	465.6 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	7.0	6.8
TITAN RTX	NVIDIA	2018-12-18	2,499 USD	Turing	TSMC	12 nm	TU102	TU102-400-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	4608	288	96	72 SMs	576	72		64 KB (per SM)	6 MB		24576 MB	GDDR6	384 bit	672 GB/s	1350 MHz	1770 MHz	1750 MHz	14 Gbps	280 W	32620 (2:1)	16310	509.8 (1:32)	169.9 GPixel/s	509.8 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	7.5	6.8
Quadro RTX 8000	NVIDIA	2018-08-13	9,999 USD	Turing	TSMC	12 nm	TU102	TU102-875-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	4608	288	96	72 SMs	576	72		64 KB (per SM)	6 MB		49152 MB	GDDR6	384 bit	672 GB/s	1395 MHz	1770 MHz	1750 MHz	14 Gbps	260 W	32620 (2:1)	16310	509.8 (1:32)	169.9 GPixel/s	509.8 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	7.5	6.8
Quadro RTX 6000	NVIDIA	2018-08-13	6,299 USD	Turing	TSMC	12 nm	TU102	TU102-875-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	4608	288	96	72 SMs	576	72		64 KB (per SM)	6 MB		24576 MB	GDDR6	384 bit	672 GB/s	1440 MHz	1770 MHz	1750 MHz	14 Gbps	260 W	32620 (2:1)	16310	509.8 (1:32)	169.9 GPixel/s	509.8 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	7.5	6.8
GeForce RTX 2080 SUPER	NVIDIA	2019-07-23	699 USD	Turing	TSMC	12 nm	TU104	TU104-450-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	3072	192	64	48 SMs	384	48		64 KB (per SM)	4 MB		8192 MB	GDDR6	256 bit	495.9 GB/s	1650 MHz	1815 MHz	1937 MHz	15.5 Gbps	250 W	22300 (2:1)	11150	348.5 (1:32)	116.2 GPixel/s	348.5 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	7.5	6.8
Quadro RTX 5000	NVIDIA	2018-08-13	2,299 USD	Turing	TSMC	12 nm	TU104	TU104-875-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	3072	192	64	48 SMs	384	48		64 KB (per SM)	4 MB		16384 MB	GDDR6	256 bit	448 GB/s	1620 MHz	1815 MHz	1750 MHz	14 Gbps	230 W	22300 (2:1)	11150	348.5 (1:32)	116.2 GPixel/s	348.5 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	7.5	6.8
GeForce RTX 3090 Ti	NVIDIA	2022-01-27	1,999 USD	Ampere	Samsung	8 nm	GA102	GA102-350-A1	PCIe 4.0 x16	10752	336	112	84 SMs	336	84		128 KB (per SM)	6 MB		24576 MB	GDDR6X	384 bit	1010 GB/s	1560 MHz	1860 MHz	1313 MHz	21 Gbps	450 W	40000 (1:1)	40000	625 (1:64)	208.3 GPixel/s	625.0 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	8.6	6.8
RTX A6000	NVIDIA	2020-10-05	4,649 USD	Ampere	Samsung	8 nm	GA102		PCIe 4.0 x16	10752	336	112	84 SMs	336	84		128 KB (per SM)	6 MB		49152 MB	GDDR6	384 bit	768 GB/s	1410 MHz	1800 MHz	2000 MHz	16 Gbps	300 W	38710 (1:1)	38710	604.8 (1:64)	201.6 GPixel/s	604.8 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	8.6	6.8
GeForce RTX 3070 Ti	NVIDIA	2021-05-31	599 USD	Ampere	Samsung	8 nm	GA104	GA104-400-A1	PCIe 4.0 x16	6144	192	96	48 SMs	192	48		128 KB (per SM)	4 MB		8192 MB	GDDR6X	256 bit	608.3 GB/s	1575 MHz	1770 MHz	1188 MHz	19 Gbps	290 W	21750 (1:1)	21750	339.8 (1:64)	169.9 GPixel/s	339.8 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	8.6	6.8
RTX A4000	NVIDIA	2021-04-12		Ampere	Samsung	8 nm	GA104	GA104-875-A1	PCIe 4.0 x16	6144	192	96	48 SMs	192	48		128 KB (per SM)	4 MB		16384 MB	GDDR6	256 bit	448 GB/s	735 MHz	1560 MHz	1750 MHz	14 Gbps	140 W	19170 (1:1)	19170	299.5 (1:64)	149.8 GPixel/s	299.5 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	8.6	6.8
GeForce RTX 4090	NVIDIA	2022-09-20	1,599 USD	Ada Lovelace	TSMC	5 nm	AD102	AD102-300-A1	PCIe 4.0 x16	16384	512	176	128 SMs	512	128		128 KB (per SM)	72 MB		24576 MB	GDDR6X	384 bit	1010 GB/s	2235 MHz	2520 MHz	1313 MHz	21 Gbps	450 W	82580 (1:1)	82580	1290 (1:64)	443.5 GPixel/s	1,290 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	8.9	6.8
GeForce RTX 4080 SUPER	NVIDIA	2024-01-08	999 USD	Ada Lovelace	TSMC	5 nm	AD103	AD103-400-A1	PCIe 4.0 x16	10240	320	112	80 SMs	320	80		128 KB (per SM)	64 MB		16384 MB	GDDR6X	256 bit	736.3 GB/s	2295 MHz	2550 MHz	1438 MHz	23 Gbps	320 W	52220 (1:1)	52220	816 (1:64)	285.6 GPixel/s	816.0 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	8.9	6.8
Arc B580	Intel	2024-12-13	249 USD	Xe2	TSMC	5 nm	BMG-G21	SRPMF	PCIe 4.0 x8	2560	160	80	20 EUs	160	20		256 KB (per EU)	18 MB		12288 MB	GDDR6	192 bit	456 GB/s	2670 MHz	2670 MHz	2375 MHz	19 Gbps	190 W	27340 (2:1)	13670	1709 (1:8)	213.6 GPixel/s	427.2 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.4		6.6
Arc A770	Intel	2022-10-12	329 USD	Generation 12.7	TSMC	6 nm	DG2-512	ACM-G10	PCIe 4.0 x16	4096	256	128	512 EUs	512	32			16 MB		16384 MB	GDDR6	256 bit	512 GB/s	2100 MHz	2400 MHz	2000 MHz	16 Gbps	225 W	39320 (2:1)	19660	2458 (1:8)	307.2 GPixel/s	614.4 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3		6.6
Arc A380	Intel	2022-06-14	149 USD	Generation 12.7	TSMC	6 nm	DG2-128	ACM-G11	PCIe 4.0 x8	1024	64	32	128 EUs	128	8			4 MB		6144 MB	GDDR6	96 bit	186 GB/s	2000 MHz	2050 MHz	1937 MHz	15.5 Gbps	75 W	8397 (2:1)	4198	1050 (1:4)	65.60 GPixel/s	131.2 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3		6.6
Arc Pro A60	Intel	2023-06-06		Generation 12.7	TSMC	6 nm	DG2-256	ACM-G12	PCIe 4.0 x16	2048	128	64	256 EUs	256	16			12 MB		12288 MB	GDDR6	192 bit	384 GB/s	900 MHz	2050 MHz	2000 MHz	16 Gbps	130 W	16790 (2:1)	8397		131.2 GPixel/s	262.4 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3		6.6
GeForce GTX 650 Ti	NVIDIA	2012-10-09	149 USD	Kepler	TSMC	28 nm	GK106S	GK106-220-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	768	64	16	4 SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	256 KB		1024 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	86.4 GB/s	928 MHz		1350 MHz	5.4 Gbps	110 W		1425	59.4 (1:24)	14.85 GPixel/s	59.39 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.0	6.5 (5.1)
GeForce GT 640 Rev. 2	NVIDIA	2013-05-29	89 USD	Kepler 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	GK208	GK208-400-A1	PCIe 2.0 x8	384	32	8	2 SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	512 KB		1024 MB	GDDR5	64 bit	40.06 GB/s	1046 MHz		1252 MHz	5 Gbps	49 W		803.3	33.5 (1:24)	8.368 GPixel/s	33.47 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.5	6.5 (5.1)
GeForce GT 730	NVIDIA	2014-06-18		Kepler 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	GK208B	GK208-302-B1	PCIe 2.0 x8	384	32	8	2 SMXs				16 KB (per SMX)	512 KB		1024 MB	GDDR5	64 bit	40.1 GB/s	902 MHz		1253 MHz	5 Gbps	38 W		692.7	28.9 (1:24)	7.216 GPixel/s	28.86 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	3.0	1.2.175	3.5	6.5 (5.1)
Tesla M10	NVIDIA	2016-05-18		Maxwell	TSMC	28 nm	GM107	GM107-570-A2	PCIe 3.0 x16	640 (x4)	40 (x4)	16 (x4)	5 (x4) SMMs				64 KB (per SMM)	2 MB (x4)		8192 MB (x4)	GDDR5	128 bit (x4)	83.2 GB/s (x4)	1033 MHz	1306 MHz	1300 MHz	5.2 Gbps	225 W		1672 (x4)	52.2 (x4) (1:32)	20.90 GPixel/s (x4)	52.24 GTexel/s (x4)	12 (11_0)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.0	6.7 (5.1)
Quadro K2200	NVIDIA	2014-07-22		Maxwell	TSMC	28 nm	GM107		PCIe 2.0 x16	640	40	16	5 SMMs				64 KB (per SMM)	2 MB		4096 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	80.19 GB/s	1046 MHz	1124 MHz	1253 MHz	5 Gbps	68 W		1439	45 (1:32)	17.98 GPixel/s	44.96 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.0	6.7 (5.1)
GeForce GTX 750 Ti	NVIDIA	2014-02-18	149 USD	Maxwell	TSMC	28 nm	GM107	GM107-400-A2	PCIe 3.0 x16	640	40	16	5 SMMs				64 KB (per SMM)	2 MB		2048 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	86.4 GB/s	1020 MHz	1085 MHz	1350 MHz	5.4 Gbps	60 W		1389	43.4 (1:32)	17.36 GPixel/s	43.40 GTexel/s	12 (11_0)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.0	6.7 (5.1)
Tesla M4	NVIDIA	2015-11-10		Maxwell 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	GM206		PCIe 3.0 x16	1024	64	32	8 SMMs				48 KB (per SMM)	1024 KB		4096 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	88 GB/s	872 MHz	1072 MHz	1375 MHz	5.5 Gbps	50 W		2195	68.6 (1:32)	34.30 GPixel/s	68.61 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.2	6.8
GeForce GTX 960	NVIDIA	2015-01-22	199 USD	Maxwell 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	GM206	GM206-300-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	1024	64	32	8 SMMs				48 KB (per SMM)	1024 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	112.2 GB/s	1127 MHz	1178 MHz	1753 MHz	7 Gbps	120 W		2413	75.4 (1:32)	37.70 GPixel/s	75.39 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	5.2	6.8
GeForce GTX 1060 6 GB	NVIDIA	2016-07-19	299 USD	Pascal	TSMC	16 nm	GP106	GP106-400-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	1280	80	48	10 SMs				48 KB (per SM)	1536 KB		6144 MB	GDDR5	192 bit	192.2 GB/s	1506 MHz	1709 MHz	2002 MHz	8 Gbps	120 W	68.4 (1:64)	4375	136.7 (1:32)	82.03 GPixel/s	136.7 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	6.1	6.8
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti	NVIDIA	2016-10-25	139 USD	Pascal	Samsung	14 nm	GP107	GP107-400-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	768	48	32	6 SMs				48 KB (per SM)	1024 KB		4096 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	112.1 GB/s	1291 MHz	1392 MHz	1752 MHz	7 Gbps	75 W	33.4 (1:64)	2138	66.8 (1:32)	44.54 GPixel/s	66.82 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	6.1	6.8
GeForce GT 1030	NVIDIA	2017-05-17	79 USD	Pascal	Samsung	14 nm	GP108	GP108-300-A1	PCIe 3.0 x4	384	24	16	3 SMs				48 KB (per SM)	512 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	64 bit	48.06 GB/s	1228 MHz	1468 MHz	1502 MHz	6 Gbps	30 W	17.6 (1:64)	1127	35.2 (1:32)	23.49 GPixel/s	35.23 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	6.1	6.8
GeForce RTX 2070	NVIDIA	2018-10-17	499 USD	Turing	TSMC	12 nm	TU106	TU106-400A-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	2304	144	64	36 SMs	288	36		64 KB (per SM)	4 MB		8192 MB	GDDR6	256 bit	448 GB/s	1410 MHz	1620 MHz	1750 MHz	14 Gbps	175 W	14930 (2:1)	7465	233.3 (1:32)	103.7 GPixel/s	233.3 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	7.5	6.8
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti	NVIDIA	2019-02-22	279 USD	Turing	TSMC	12 nm	TU116	TU116-400-A1	PCIe 3.0 x16	1536	96	48	24 SMs				64 KB (per SM)	1536 KB		6144 MB	GDDR6	192 bit	288 GB/s	1500 MHz	1770 MHz	1500 MHz	12 Gbps	120 W	10870 (2:1)	5437	169.9 (1:32)	84.96 GPixel/s	169.9 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	3.0	1.3	7.5	6.8
A100 PCIe 80 GB	NVIDIA	2021-06-28		Ampere	TSMC	7 nm	GA100		PCIe 4.0 x16	6912	432	160	108 SMs	432			192 KB (per SM)	80 MB		81920 MB	HBM2e	5120 bit	1940 GB/s	1065 MHz	1410 MHz	1512 MHz	3 Gbps	300 W	77970 (4:1)	19490	9746 (1:2)	225.6 GPixel/s	609.1 GTexel/s	N/A	N/A	3.0		8.0
GeForce RTX 3060 3840SP	NVIDIA	2021		Ampere	Samsung	8 nm	GA106	GA106-400-A1	PCIe 4.0 x16	3840	120	48	30 SMs	120	30		128 KB (per SM)	3 MB		6144 MB	GDDR6	192 bit	336 GB/s	1627 MHz	1852 MHz	1750 MHz	14 Gbps	185 W	14220 (1:1)	14220	222.2 (1:64)	88.90 GPixel/s	222.2 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	8.6	6.8
GeForce RTX 3050 8 GB GA107	NVIDIA	2022-12-16	249 USD	Ampere	Samsung	8 nm	GA107	GA107-150-A1	PCIe 4.0 x8	2560	80	32	20 SMs	80	20		128 KB (per SM)	2 MB		8192 MB	GDDR6	128 bit	224 GB/s	1552 MHz	1777 MHz	1750 MHz	14 Gbps	115 W	9098 (1:1)	9098	142.2 (1:64)	56.86 GPixel/s	142.2 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	8.6	6.8
GeForce RTX 4070 Ti	NVIDIA	2023-01-03	799 USD	Ada Lovelace	TSMC	5 nm	AD104	AD104-400-A1	PCIe 4.0 x16	7680	240	80	60 SMs	240	60		128 KB (per SM)	48 MB		12288 MB	GDDR6X	192 bit	504.2 GB/s	2310 MHz	2610 MHz	1313 MHz	21 Gbps	285 W	40090 (1:1)	40090	626.4 (1:64)	208.8 GPixel/s	626.4 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	8.9	6.8
GeForce RTX 4060	NVIDIA	2023-05-18	299 USD	Ada Lovelace	TSMC	5 nm	AD107	AD107-400-A1	PCIe 4.0 x8	3072	96	48	24 SMs	96	24		128 KB (per SM)	24 MB		8192 MB	GDDR6	128 bit	272 GB/s	1830 MHz	2460 MHz	2125 MHz	17 Gbps	115 W	15110 (1:1)	15110	236.2 (1:64)	118.1 GPixel/s	236.2 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	8.9	6.8
FirePro V9800	ATI	2010-09-09	3,499 USD	TeraScale 2	TSMC	40 nm	Cypress	Cypress XT GL	PCIe 2.0 x16	1600	80	32	20 CUs				8 KB (per CU)	512 KB		4096 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	147.2 GB/s	850 MHz		1150 MHz	4.6 Gbps	250 W		2720	544 (1:5)	27.20 GPixel/s	68.00 GTexel/s	11.2 (11_0)	4.4	1.2			5.0
Radeon HD 5870 Eyefinity 6	ATI	2010-03-11	479 USD	TeraScale 2	TSMC	40 nm	Cypress	Cypress XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	1600	80	32	20 CUs				8 KB (per CU)	512 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	153.6 GB/s	850 MHz		1200 MHz	4.8 Gbps	228 W		2720	544 (1:5)	27.20 GPixel/s	68.00 GTexel/s	11.2 (11_0)	4.4	1.2			5.0
Radeon HD 5870	ATI	2009-09-23	399 USD	TeraScale 2	TSMC	40 nm	Cypress	Cypress XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	1600	80	32	20 CUs				8 KB (per CU)	512 KB		1024 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	153.6 GB/s	850 MHz		1200 MHz	4.8 Gbps	188 W		2720	544 (1:5)	27.20 GPixel/s	68.00 GTexel/s	11.2 (11_0)	4.4	1.2			5.0
FirePro V8800	ATI	2010-04-07	1,499 USD	TeraScale 2	TSMC	40 nm	Cypress	Cypress XT GL	PCIe 2.0 x16	1600	80	32	20 CUs				8 KB (per CU)	512 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	147.2 GB/s	825 MHz		1150 MHz	4.6 Gbps	208 W		2640	528 (1:5)	26.40 GPixel/s	66.00 GTexel/s	11.2 (11_0)	4.4	1.2			5.0
Radeon HD 5970	ATI	2009-11-18	699 USD	TeraScale 2	TSMC	40 nm	Hemlock	Hemlock XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	1600 (x2)	80 (x2)	32 (x2)	20 (x2) CUs				8 KB (per CU)	512 KB (x2)		1024 MB (x2)	GDDR5	256 bit (x2)	128 GB/s (x2)	725 MHz		1000 MHz	4 Gbps	294 W		2320 (x2)	464 (x2) (1:5)	23.20 GPixel/s (x2)	58.00 GTexel/s (x2)	11.2 (11_0)	4.4	1.2			5.0
Radeon HD 6870	AMD	2010-10-21	239 USD	TeraScale 2	TSMC	40 nm	Barts	Barts XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	1120	56	32	14 CUs				8 KB (per CU)	512 KB		1024 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	134.4 GB/s	900 MHz		1050 MHz	4.2 Gbps	151 W		2016		28.80 GPixel/s	50.40 GTexel/s	11.2 (11_0)	4.4	1.2			5.0
Radeon HD 5770	ATI	2009-10-13	159 USD	TeraScale 2	TSMC	40 nm	Juniper	Juniper XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	800	40	16	10 CUs				8 KB (per CU)	256 KB		1024 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	76.8 GB/s	850 MHz		1200 MHz	4.8 Gbps	108 W		1360		13.60 GPixel/s	34.00 GTexel/s	11.2 (11_0)	4.4	1.2			5.0
FirePro V5800	ATI	2010-04-26	479 USD	TeraScale 2	TSMC	40 nm	Juniper	Juniper XT GL	PCIe 2.0 x16	800	40	16	10 CUs				8 KB (per CU)	256 KB		1024 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	64 GB/s	690 MHz		1000 MHz	4 Gbps	74 W		1104		11.04 GPixel/s	27.60 GTexel/s	11.2 (11_0)	4.4	1.2			5.0
Radeon HD 6970	AMD	2010-12-14	369 USD	TeraScale 3	TSMC	40 nm	Cayman	Cayman XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	1536	96	32	24 CUs				8 KB (per CU)	512 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	176 GB/s	880 MHz		1375 MHz	5.5 Gbps	250 W		2703	675.8 (1:4)	28.16 GPixel/s	84.48 GTexel/s	11.2 (11_0)	4.4	1.2			5.0
Radeon HD 6990	AMD	2011-03-08	699 USD	TeraScale 3	TSMC	40 nm	Antilles	Antilles XT	PCIe 2.0 x16	1536 (x2)	96 (x2)	32 (x2)	24 (x2) CUs				8 KB (per CU)	512 KB (x2)		2048 MB (x2)	GDDR5	256 bit (x2)	160 GB/s (x2)	830 MHz		1250 MHz	5 Gbps	375 W		2550 (x2)	637.4 (x2) (1:4)	26.56 GPixel/s (x2)	79.68 GTexel/s (x2)	11.2 (11_0)	4.4	1.2			5.0
Radeon HD 7970 GHz Edition	AMD	2012-06-22	499 USD	GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Tahiti	Tahiti XT2	PCIe 3.0 x16	2048	128	32	32 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	768 KB		3072 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	288 GB/s	1000 MHz	1050 MHz	1500 MHz	6 Gbps	300 W		4301	1075 (1:4)	33.60 GPixel/s	134.4 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.170		6.5 (5.1)
Radeon HD 7970	AMD	2012-01-09	549 USD	GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Tahiti	Tahiti XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	2048	128	32	32 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	768 KB		3072 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	264 GB/s	925 MHz		1375 MHz	5.5 Gbps	250 W		3789	947.2 (1:4)	29.60 GPixel/s	118.4 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.170		6.5 (5.1)
Radeon R9 280X	AMD	2013-10-08	299 USD	GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Tahiti	Tahiti XTL	PCIe 3.0 x16	2048	128	32	32 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	768 KB		3072 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	288 GB/s	850 MHz	1000 MHz	1500 MHz	6 Gbps	250 W		4096	1024 (1:4)	32.00 GPixel/s	128.0 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.170		6.5 (5.1)
Radeon HD 8970 OEM	AMD	2013-01-08		GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Tahiti	Tahiti XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	2048	128	32	32 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	768 KB		3072 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	264 GB/s	925 MHz		1375 MHz	5.5 Gbps	250 W		3789	947.2 (1:4)	29.60 GPixel/s	118.4 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.170		6.5 (5.1)
Radeon HD 8990 OEM	AMD	2013-04-24		GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Malta	Malta XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	2048 (x2)	128 (x2)	32 (x2)	32 (x2) CUs				16 KB (per CU)	768 KB (x2)		3072 MB (x2)	GDDR5	384 bit (x2)	288 GB/s (x2)	950 MHz	1000 MHz	1500 MHz	6 Gbps	375 W		4096 (x2)	1024 (x2) (1:4)	32.00 GPixel/s (x2)	128.0 GTexel/s (x2)	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.175		6.5 (5.1)
Radeon HD 7990	AMD	2013-04-24	999 USD	GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Malta	Malta XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	2048 (x2)	128 (x2)	32 (x2)	32 (x2) CUs				16 KB (per CU)	768 KB (x2)		3072 MB (x2)	GDDR5	384 bit (x2)	288 GB/s (x2)	950 MHz	1000 MHz	1500 MHz	6 Gbps	375 W		4096 (x2)	1024 (x2) (1:4)	32.00 GPixel/s (x2)	128.0 GTexel/s (x2)	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.175		6.5 (5.1)
FirePro W9000	AMD	2012-06-14	3,999 USD	GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Tahiti	Tahiti XT GL	PCIe 3.0 x16	2048	128	32	32 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	768 KB		6144 MB	GDDR5	384 bit	264 GB/s	975 MHz		1375 MHz	5.5 Gbps	274 W		3994	998.4 (1:4)	31.20 GPixel/s	124.8 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.170		6.5 (5.1)
Radeon HD 7870 GHz Edition	AMD	2012-03-05	349 USD	GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Pitcairn	Pitcairn XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	1280	80	32	20 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	512 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	153.6 GB/s	1000 MHz		1200 MHz	4.8 Gbps	175 W		2560	160 (1:16)	32.00 GPixel/s	80.00 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.170		6.5 (5.1)
Radeon HD 8870 OEM	AMD	2013-01-08		GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Pitcairn	Pitcairn XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	1280	80	32	20 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	512 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	153.6 GB/s	1000 MHz		1200 MHz	4.8 Gbps	175 W		2560	160 (1:16)	32.00 GPixel/s	80.00 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.170		6.5 (5.1)
FirePro S7000	AMD	2012-08-27	1,249 USD	GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Pitcairn	Pitcairn XT GL	PCIe 3.0 x16	1280	80	32	20 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	512 KB		4096 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	153.6 GB/s	950 MHz		1200 MHz	4.8 Gbps	150 W		2432	152 (1:16)	30.40 GPixel/s	76.00 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.170		6.5 (5.1)
FirePro W7000	AMD	2012-06-13	899 USD	GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Pitcairn	Pitcairn XT GL	PCIe 3.0 x16	1280	80	32	20 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	512 KB		4096 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	153.6 GB/s	950 MHz		1200 MHz	4.8 Gbps	150 W		2432	152 (1:16)	30.40 GPixel/s	76.00 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.170		6.5 (5.1)
Radeon R9 270X	AMD	2013-10-08	199 USD	GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Curacao	Curacao XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	1280	80	32	20 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	512 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	179.2 GB/s	1000 MHz	1050 MHz	1400 MHz	5.6 Gbps	180 W		2688	168 (1:16)	33.60 GPixel/s	84.00 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.170		6.5 (5.1)
Radeon HD 8760 OEM	AMD	2013-01-08		GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Cape Verde	Latte XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	640	40	16	10 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	256 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	72 GB/s	1000 MHz		1125 MHz	4.5 Gbps	80 W		1280	80 (1:16)	16.00 GPixel/s	40.00 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.170		6.5 (5.1)
Radeon HD 7770 GHz Edition	AMD	2012-02-15	159 USD	GCN 1.0	TSMC	28 nm	Cape Verde	Cape Verde XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	640	40	16	10 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	256 KB		1024 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	72 GB/s	1000 MHz		1125 MHz	4.5 Gbps	80 W		1280	80 (1:16)	16.00 GPixel/s	40.00 GTexel/s	12 (11_1)	4.6	2.1 (1.2)	1.2.170		6.5 (5.1)
Radeon R9 290X	AMD	2013-10-24	549 USD	GCN 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	Hawaii	Hawaii XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	2816	176	64	44 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	1024 KB		4096 MB	GDDR5	512 bit	320 GB/s	1000 MHz		1250 MHz	5 Gbps	290 W		5632	704 (1:8)	64.00 GPixel/s	176.0 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
FirePro S9170	AMD	2015-07-08		GCN 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	Hawaii	Hawaii XT GL	PCIe 3.0 x16	2816	176	64	44 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	1024 KB		32768 MB	GDDR5	512 bit	320 GB/s	930 MHz		1250 MHz	5 Gbps	275 W		5238	2619 (1:2)	59.52 GPixel/s	163.7 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
FirePro W9100	AMD	2014-03-26		GCN 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	Hawaii	Hawaii GL44	PCIe 3.0 x16	2816	176	64	44 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	1024 KB		16384 MB	GDDR5	512 bit	320 GB/s	930 MHz		1250 MHz	5 Gbps	275 W		5238	2619 (1:2)	59.52 GPixel/s	163.7 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
Radeon R9 390X	AMD	2015-06-18	429 USD	GCN 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	Grenada	Grenada XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	2816	176	64	44 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	1024 KB		8192 MB	GDDR5	512 bit	384 GB/s	1050 MHz		1500 MHz	6 Gbps	275 W		5914	739.2 (1:8)	67.20 GPixel/s	184.8 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
Radeon R7 260X	AMD	2013-10-08	139 USD	GCN 2.0	TSMC	28 nm	Bonaire	Bonaire XTX	PCIe 3.0 x16	896	56	16	14 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	256 KB		2048 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	104 GB/s	1100 MHz		1625 MHz	6.5 Gbps	115 W		1971	123.2 (1:16)	17.60 GPixel/s	61.60 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
Radeon R9 FURY X	AMD	2015-06-24	649 USD	GCN 3.0	TSMC	28 nm	Fiji	Fiji XT C8	PCIe 3.0 x16	4096	256	64	64 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	2 MB		4096 MB	HBM	4096 bit	512 GB/s	1050 MHz		500 MHz	1 Gbps	275 W	8602 (1:1)	8602	537.6 (1:16)	67.20 GPixel/s	268.8 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
FirePro S7150	AMD	2016-02-01	2,399 USD	GCN 3.0	TSMC	28 nm	Tonga	Tonga XT GL	PCIe 3.0 x16	2048	128	32	32 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	512 KB		8192 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	160 GB/s	920 MHz		1250 MHz	5 Gbps	150 W	7537 (2:1)	3768	235.5 (1:16)	29.44 GPixel/s	117.8 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
Radeon R9 380X	AMD	2015-11-19	229 USD	GCN 3.0	TSMC	28 nm	Antigua	Antigua XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	2048	128	32	32 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	512 KB		4096 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	182.4 GB/s	970 MHz		1425 MHz	5.7 Gbps	190 W	3973 (1:1)	3973	248.3 (1:16)	31.04 GPixel/s	124.2 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
Radeon Pro SSG Fiji	AMD	2016-07-26	9,999 USD	GCN 3.0	TSMC	28 nm	Fiji	Fiji XT C0/CC	PCIe 3.0 x16	4096	256	64	64 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	4 MB		4096 MB	HBM	4096 bit	512 GB/s	1000 MHz	1050 MHz	500 MHz	1 Gbps	260 W	17200 (2:1)	8602	537.6 (1:16)	67.20 GPixel/s	268.8 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
Radeon R9 Nano	AMD	2015-08-27	649 USD	GCN 3.0	TSMC	28 nm	Fiji	Fiji XT CA	PCIe 3.0 x16	4096	256	64	64 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	2 MB		4096 MB	HBM	4096 bit	512 GB/s	1000 MHz		500 MHz	1 Gbps	175 W	8192 (1:1)	8192	512 (1:16)	64.00 GPixel/s	256.0 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
Radeon Pro Duo	AMD	2016-04-26	1,499 USD	GCN 3.0	TSMC	28 nm	Capsaicin	Capsaicin XT C9	PCIe 3.0 x16	4096 (x2)	256 (x2)	64 (x2)	64 (x2) CUs				16 KB (per CU)	2 MB (x2)		4096 MB (x2)	HBM	4096 bit (x2)	512 GB/s (x2)	1000 MHz		500 MHz	1 Gbps	350 W	8192 (x2) (1:1)	8192 (x2)	512 (x2) (1:16)	64.00 GPixel/s (x2)	256.0 GTexel/s (x2)	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
Radeon Instinct MI8	AMD	2016-12-12		GCN 3.0	TSMC	28 nm	Fiji	Fiji XT CA	PCIe 3.0 x16	4096	256	64	64 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	2 MB		4096 MB	HBM	4096 bit	512 GB/s	1000 MHz		500 MHz	1 Gbps	175 W	8192 (1:1)	8192	512 (1:16)	64.00 GPixel/s	256.0 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
FirePro S9300 X2	AMD	2016-03-31	5,999 USD	GCN 3.0	TSMC	28 nm	Capsaicin	Capsaicin XT C1	PCIe 3.0 x16	4096 (x2)	256 (x2)	64 (x2)	64 (x2) CUs				16 KB (per CU)	2 MB (x2)		4096 MB (x2)	HBM	4096 bit (x2)	512 GB/s (x2)	975 MHz		500 MHz	1 Gbps	300 W		7987 (x2)	499.2 (x2) (1:16)	62.40 GPixel/s (x2)	249.6 GTexel/s (x2)	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.2.170		6.5
Radeon Pro WX 4100	AMD	2016-11-10	399 USD	GCN 4.0	GloFo	14 nm	Baffin	Baffin XT	PCIe 3.0 x8	1024	64	16	16 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	1024 KB		4096 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	96 GB/s	1125 MHz	1201 MHz	1500 MHz	6 Gbps	50 W	2460 (1:1)	2460	153.7 (1:16)	19.22 GPixel/s	76.86 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon RX 480	AMD	2016-06-29	229 USD	GCN 4.0	GloFo	14 nm	Ellesmere	Polaris 10 XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	2304	144	32	36 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	2 MB		8192 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	256 GB/s	1120 MHz	1266 MHz	2000 MHz	8 Gbps	150 W	5834 (1:1)	5834	364.6 (1:16)	40.51 GPixel/s	182.3 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon Pro Duo Polaris	AMD	2017-04-24	999 USD	GCN 4.0	GloFo	14 nm	Ellesmere	Ellesmere Gemini GL	PCIe 3.0 x16	2304 (x2)	144 (x2)	32 (x2)	36 (x2) CUs				16 KB (per CU)	2 MB (x2)		16384 MB (x2)	GDDR5	256 bit (x2)	224 GB/s (x2)	1243 MHz		1750 MHz	7 Gbps	250 W	5728 (x2) (1:1)	5728 (x2)	358 (x2) (1:16)	39.78 GPixel/s (x2)	179.0 GTexel/s (x2)	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon Instinct MI6	AMD	2016-12-12		GCN 4.0	GloFo	14 nm	Ellesmere	Ellesmere XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	2304	144	32	36 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	2 MB		8192 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	224 GB/s	1120 MHz	1233 MHz	1750 MHz	7 Gbps	150 W	5682 (1:1)	5682	355.1 (1:16)	39.46 GPixel/s	177.6 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon Pro WX 7100	AMD	2016-11-10	799 USD	GCN 4.0	GloFo	14 nm	Ellesmere	Polaris 10 XT GL	PCIe 3.0 x16	2304	144	32	36 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	2 MB		8192 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	224 GB/s	1188 MHz	1243 MHz	1750 MHz	7 Gbps	130 W	5728 (1:1)	5728	358 (1:16)	39.78 GPixel/s	179.0 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon RX 560	AMD	2017-04-18	99 USD	GCN 4.0	GloFo	14 nm	Polaris 21	Polaris 21 XT	PCIe 3.0 x8	1024	64	16	16 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	1024 KB		4096 MB	GDDR5	128 bit	112 GB/s	1175 MHz	1275 MHz	1750 MHz	7 Gbps	75 W	2611 (1:1)	2611	163.2 (1:16)	20.40 GPixel/s	81.60 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon RX 580	AMD	2017-04-18	229 USD	GCN 4.0	GloFo	14 nm	Polaris 20	Polaris 20 XTX	PCIe 3.0 x16	2304	144	32	36 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	2 MB		8192 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	256 GB/s	1257 MHz	1340 MHz	2000 MHz	8 Gbps	185 W	6175 (1:1)	6175	385.9 (1:16)	42.88 GPixel/s	193.0 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon RX 590	AMD	2018-11-15	279 USD	GCN 4.0	GloFo	12 nm	Polaris 30	Polaris 30 XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	2304	144	32	36 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	2 MB		8192 MB	GDDR5	256 bit	256 GB/s	1469 MHz	1545 MHz	2000 MHz	8 Gbps	175 W	7119 (1:1)	7119	445 (1:16)	49.44 GPixel/s	222.5 GTexel/s	12 (12_0)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon RX Vega 64 LC	AMD	2017-08-07	699 USD	GCN 5.0	GloFo	14 nm	Vega 10	Vega 10 XTX	PCIe 3.0 x16	4096	256	64	64 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	4 MB		8192 MB	HBM2	2048 bit	483.8 GB/s	1406 MHz	1677 MHz	945 MHz	1.89 Gbps	345 W	27480 (2:1)	13740	858.6 (1:16)	107.3 GPixel/s	429.3 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon Vega FE WC	AMD	2017-07-13	1,489 USD	GCN 5.0	GloFo	14 nm	Vega 10	Vega 10 XTX LCS	PCIe 3.0 x16	4096	256	64	64 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	4 MB		16384 MB	HBM2	2048 bit	483.8 GB/s	1382 MHz	1600 MHz	945 MHz	1.89 Gbps	375 W	26210 (2:1)	13110	819.2 (1:16)	102.4 GPixel/s	409.6 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon RX Vega 64	AMD	2017-08-07	499 USD	GCN 5.0	GloFo	14 nm	Vega 10	Vega 10 XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	4096	256	64	64 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	4 MB		8192 MB	HBM2	2048 bit	483.8 GB/s	1247 MHz	1546 MHz	945 MHz	1.89 Gbps	295 W	25330 (2:1)	12660	791.6 (1:16)	98.94 GPixel/s	395.8 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon Pro SSG Vega	AMD	2017-08-08	6,999 USD	GCN 5.0	GloFo	14 nm	Vega 10	Vega 10 XT GL	PCIe 3.0 x16	4096	256	64	64 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	4 MB		16384 MB	HBM2	2048 bit	483.8 GB/s	1440 MHz	1500 MHz	945 MHz	1.89 Gbps	260 W	24580 (2:1)	12290	768 (1:16)	96.00 GPixel/s	384.0 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon Instinct MI25	AMD	2017-06-27		GCN 5.0	GloFo	14 nm	Vega 10	Vega 10 XT GL	PCIe 3.0 x16	4096	256	64	64 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	4 MB		16384 MB	HBM2	2048 bit	436.2 GB/s	1400 MHz	1500 MHz	852 MHz	1.7 Gbps	300 W	24580 (2:1)	12290	768 (1:16)	96.00 GPixel/s	384.0 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon Pro WX 9100	AMD	2017-07-10	1,599 USD	GCN 5.0	GloFo	14 nm	Vega 10	Vega 10 XT	PCIe 3.0 x16	4096	256	64	64 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	4 MB		16384 MB	HBM2	2048 bit	483.8 GB/s	1200 MHz	1500 MHz	945 MHz	1.89 Gbps	230 W	24580 (2:1)	12290	768 (1:16)	96.00 GPixel/s	384.0 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon Instinct MI60	AMD	2018-11-18		GCN 5.1	TSMC	7 nm	Vega 20	Vega 20 GL	PCIe 4.0 x16	4096	256	64	64 CUs				16 KB (per CU)	4 MB		32768 MB	HBM2	4096 bit	1020 GB/s	1200 MHz	1800 MHz	1000 MHz	2 Gbps	300 W	29490 (2:1)	14750	7373 (1:2)	115.2 GPixel/s	460.8 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.7
Radeon RX 5700 XT 50th Anniversary	AMD	2019-07-07	449 USD	RDNA 1.0	TSMC	7 nm	Navi 10	Navi 10 XTX	PCIe 4.0 x16	2560	160	64	40 CUs					4 MB		8192 MB	GDDR6	256 bit	448 GB/s	1680 MHz	1980 MHz	1750 MHz	14 Gbps	225 W	20280 (2:1)	10140	633.6 (1:16)	126.7 GPixel/s	316.8 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 5700 XT	AMD	2019-07-07	399 USD	RDNA 1.0	TSMC	7 nm	Navi 10	Navi 10 XT	PCIe 4.0 x16	2560	160	64	40 CUs					4 MB		8192 MB	GDDR6	256 bit	448 GB/s	1605 MHz	1905 MHz	1750 MHz	14 Gbps	225 W	19510 (2:1)	9754	609.6 (1:16)	121.9 GPixel/s	304.8 GTexel/s	12 (12_1)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 6500 XT	AMD	2022-01-19	199 USD	RDNA 2.0	TSMC	6 nm	Navi 24	Navi 24 XT	PCIe 4.0 x4	1024	64	32	16 CUs		16	32 KB per WGP	128 KB per Array	1024 KB	16 MB	4096 MB	GDDR6	64 bit	143.9 GB/s	2310 MHz	2815 MHz	2248 MHz	18 Gbps	107 W	11530 (2:1)	5765	360.3 (1:16)	90.08 GPixel/s	180.2 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.2	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 6650 XT	AMD	2022-05-10	399 USD	RDNA 2.0	TSMC	7 nm	Navi 23	Navi 23 KXT	PCIe 4.0 x8	2048	128	64	32 CUs		32	32 KB per WGP	128 KB per Array	2 MB	32 MB	8192 MB	GDDR6	128 bit	280.3 GB/s	2055 MHz	2635 MHz	2190 MHz	17.5 Gbps	176 W	21590 (2:1)	10790	674.6 (1:16)	168.6 GPixel/s	337.3 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 6600 XT	AMD	2021-07-30	379 USD	RDNA 2.0	TSMC	7 nm	Navi 23	Navi 23 XT	PCIe 4.0 x8	2048	128	64	32 CUs		32	32 KB per WGP	128 KB per Array	2 MB	32 MB	8192 MB	GDDR6	128 bit	256 GB/s	1968 MHz	2589 MHz	2000 MHz	16 Gbps	160 W	21210 (2:1)	10600	662.8 (1:16)	165.7 GPixel/s	331.4 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 6750 XT	AMD	2022-03-03	549 USD	RDNA 2.0	TSMC	7 nm	Navi 22	Navi 22 KXT	PCIe 4.0 x16	2560	160	64	40 CUs		40	32 KB per WGP	128 KB per Array	3 MB	96 MB	12288 MB	GDDR6	192 bit	432 GB/s	2150 MHz	2600 MHz	2250 MHz	18 Gbps	250 W	26620 (2:1)	13310	832 (1:16)	166.4 GPixel/s	416.0 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 6750 GRE 12 GB	AMD	2023-10-17	334 USD	RDNA 2.0	TSMC	7 nm	Navi 22	Navi 22 KXT	PCIe 4.0 x16	2560	160	64	40 CUs		40	32 KB per WGP	128 KB per Array	3 MB	96 MB	12288 MB	GDDR6	192 bit	432 GB/s	2321 MHz	2581 MHz	2250 MHz	18 Gbps	250 W	26430 (2:1)	13210	825.9 (1:16)	165.2 GPixel/s	413.0 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 6700 XT	AMD	2021-03-03	479 USD	RDNA 2.0	TSMC	7 nm	Navi 22	Navi 22 XT	PCIe 4.0 x16	2560	160	64	40 CUs		40	32 KB per WGP	128 KB per Array	3 MB	96 MB	12288 MB	GDDR6	192 bit	384 GB/s	2321 MHz	2581 MHz	2000 MHz	16 Gbps	230 W	26430 (2:1)	13210	825.9 (1:16)	165.2 GPixel/s	413.0 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 6950 XT	AMD	2022-05-10	1,099 USD	RDNA 2.0	TSMC	7 nm	Navi 21	Navi 21 KXTX	PCIe 4.0 x16	5120	320	128	80 CUs		80	32 KB per WGP	128 KB per Array	4 MB	128 MB	16384 MB	GDDR6	256 bit	576 GB/s	1860 MHz	2310 MHz	2250 MHz	18 Gbps	335 W	47310 (2:1)	23650	1478 (1:16)	295.7 GPixel/s	739.2 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 6900 XT	AMD	2020-10-28	999 USD	RDNA 2.0	TSMC	7 nm	Navi 21	Navi 21 XTX	PCIe 4.0 x16	5120	320	128	80 CUs		80	32 KB per WGP	128 KB per Array	4 MB	128 MB	16384 MB	GDDR6	256 bit	512 GB/s	1825 MHz	2250 MHz	2000 MHz	16 Gbps	300 W	46080 (2:1)	23040	1440 (1:16)	288.0 GPixel/s	720.0 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.1	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 7600 XT	AMD	2024-01-08	329 USD	RDNA 3.0	TSMC	6 nm	Navi 33	Navi 33 XT	PCIe 4.0 x8	2048	128	64	32 CUs		32	32 KB per WGP	128 KB per Array	2 MB	32 MB	16384 MB	GDDR6	128 bit	288 GB/s	1980 MHz	2755 MHz	2250 MHz	18 Gbps	190 W	45140 (2:1)	22570	705.3 (1:32)	176.3 GPixel/s	352.6 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.2	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 7600	AMD	2023-05-24	269 USD	RDNA 3.0	TSMC	6 nm	Navi 33	Navi 33 XL	PCIe 4.0 x8	2048	128	64	32 CUs		32	32 KB per WGP	128 KB per Array	2 MB	32 MB	8192 MB	GDDR6	128 bit	288 GB/s	1720 MHz	2655 MHz	2250 MHz	18 Gbps	165 W	43500 (2:1)	21750	679.7 (1:32)	169.9 GPixel/s	339.8 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.2	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 7800 XT	AMD	2023-08-25	499 USD	RDNA 3.0	TSMC	5 nm (N5 / N6 FinFET)	Navi 32	Navi 32 XT	PCIe 4.0 x16	3840	240	96	60 CUs		60	32 KB per WGP	128 KB per Array	4 MB	64 MB	16384 MB	GDDR6	256 bit	624.1 GB/s	1295 MHz	2430 MHz	2438 MHz	19.5 Gbps	263 W	74650 (2:1)	37320	1166 (1:32)	233.3 GPixel/s	583.2 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.2	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 7900 XTX	AMD	2022-11-03	999 USD	RDNA 3.0	TSMC	5 nm (N5 / N6 FinFET)	Navi 31	Navi 31 XTX	PCIe 4.0 x16	6144	384	192	96 CUs		96	64 KB per WGP	256 KB per Array	6 MB	96 MB	24576 MB	GDDR6	384 bit	960 GB/s	1929 MHz	2498 MHz	2500 MHz	20 Gbps	355 W	122800 (2:1)	61390	1918 (1:32)	479.6 GPixel/s	959.2 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.2	1.3		6.8
Radeon PRO W7900	AMD	2023-04-13	3,999 USD	RDNA 3.0	TSMC	5 nm (N5 / N6 FinFET)	Navi 31	Navi 31	PCIe 4.0 x16	6144	384	192	96 CUs		96	64 KB per WGP	256 KB per Array	6 MB	96 MB	49152 MB	GDDR6	384 bit	864 GB/s	1855 MHz	2495 MHz	2250 MHz	18 Gbps	295 W	122600 (2:1)	61320	1916 (1:32)	479.0 GPixel/s	958.1 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.2	1.3		6.8
Radeon RX 9070 XT	AMD	2025-03-06	599 USD	RDNA 4.0	TSMC	5 nm (N4P FinFET)	Navi 48	Navi 48 XTX	PCIe 5.0 x16	4096	256	128	64 CUs	128	64	32 KB per WGP		8 MB	64 MB	16384 MB	GDDR6	256 bit	644.6 GB/s	1660 MHz	2970 MHz	2518 MHz	20.1 Gbps	304 W	97320 (2:1)	48660	1521 (1:32)	380.2 GPixel/s	760.3 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	2.2	1.3		6.8
GeForce RTX 5080	NVIDIA	2025-01-30	999 USD	Blackwell 2.0	TSMC	5 nm (4N FinFET)	GB203	GB203-400-A1	PCIe 5.0 x16	10752	336	112	84 SMs	336	84		128 KB (per SM)	64 MB		16384 MB	GDDR7	256 bit	960 GB/s	2295 MHz	2617 MHz	1875 MHz	30 Gbps	360 W	56280 (1:1)	56280	879.3 (1:64)	293.1 GPixel/s	879.3 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.4	12.0	6.8
RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell	NVIDIA	2025-03-18	8,565 USD	Blackwell 2.0	TSMC	5 nm (4N FinFET)	GB202		PCIe 5.0 x16	24064	752	192	188 SMs	752	188		128 KB (per SM)	128 MB		98304 MB	GDDR7	512 bit	1790 GB/s	1590 MHz	2617 MHz	1750 MHz	28 Gbps	600 W	126000 (1:1)	126000	1968 (1:64)	502.5 GPixel/s	1,968 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.4	12.0	6.8
GeForce RTX 5090	NVIDIA	2025-01-30	1,999 USD	Blackwell 2.0	TSMC	5 nm (4N FinFET)	GB202	GB202-300-A1	PCIe 5.0 x16	21760	680	176	170 SMs	680	170		128 KB (per SM)	96 MB		32768 MB	GDDR7	512 bit	1790 GB/s	2017 MHz	2407 MHz	1750 MHz	28 Gbps	575 W	104800 (1:1)	104800	1637 (1:64)	423.6 GPixel/s	1,637 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.4	12.0	6.8
RTX 6000 Ada Generation	NVIDIA	2022-12-03	6,799 USD	Ada Lovelace	TSMC	5 nm	AD102	AD102	PCIe 4.0 x16	18176	568	192	142 SMs	568	142		128 KB (per SM)	96 MB		49152 MB	GDDR6	384 bit	960 GB/s	915 MHz	2505 MHz	2500 MHz	20 Gbps	300 W	91060 (1:1)	91060	1423 (1:64)	481.0 GPixel/s	1,423 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	8.9	6.8
H100 PCIe 80 GB	NVIDIA	2023-03-21		Hopper	TSMC	5 nm	GH100		PCIe 5.0 x16	14592	456	24	114 SMs	456			256 KB (per SM)	50 MB		81920 MB	HBM2e	5120 bit	2040 GB/s	1095 MHz	1755 MHz	1593 MHz	3.2 Gbps	350 W	204900 (4:1)	51220	25610 (1:2)	42.12 GPixel/s	800.3 GTexel/s	N/A	N/A	3.0		9.0
L40S	NVIDIA	2022-10-13		Ada Lovelace	TSMC	5 nm	AD102	AD102-???-A1	PCIe 4.0 x16	18176	568	192	142 SMs	568	142		128 KB (per SM)	48 MB		49152 MB	GDDR6	384 bit	864 GB/s	1110 MHz	2520 MHz	2250 MHz	18 Gbps	300 W	91610 (1:1)	91610	1431 (1:64)	483.8 GPixel/s	1,431 GTexel/s	12 Ultimate (12_2)	4.6	3.0	1.3	8.9	6.8

Disclaimer

This is NOT an exhaustive list of all past GPUs ever released. The list of GPUs included is carefully curated to only include graphics cards of the following:

The GPU employs a uniform rendering pipeline, such as those introduced with the NVIDIA GeForce 8800 series or the ATI HD 2000 series onward.
The GPU features a chip with fully unlocked shaders/TMUs/ROPs. If no fully enabled version exists, the graphics card with the least compromised configuration is chosen.
If multiple fully unlocked GPU variants of the same chip exists, the table may not include all of them.
The GPU connects to the motherboard via PCIe, excluding other interfaces such as SXM, PCI, ISA, AGP, or similar form factors.
The GPU is a discrete graphics card. Integrated GPUs and MXM graphics cards are not included.
The GPU is an official model released by the manufacturer, not a custom-modified variant (e.g., doubled VRAM editions or AIB/AIC multi-GPU designs).
Additional preferences guided by the curator’s discretion.

For those seeking detailed specifications on specific graphics cards, custom designs, VBIOS, reviews, etc., resources like TechPowerUp, VideoCardz.com, or other tech media outlets may offer more comprehensive and regularly updated databases.

This table is provided for reference purposes only, and I cannot guarantee the timeliness or accuracy of the information presented. If you have suggestions for improvement, please feel free to reach out to me via email. Thank you for your understanding and support!

Special Notes

GeForce GTX 295 does not carry a fully enabled GT200B chip. It has 28 ROP units out of 32, while GTX 285 carries the full version of the chip.

The specs of the chip Navi 32 on TechPowerUp seems to have issues as of Mar 31, 2025. While the site says the fully unlocked chip carries 192 TMUs and 128 ROPs, multiple graphics cards actually carries more TMUs. For example, RX 7800 XT carries 240 TMUs and 96 ROPs instead, which seems like the highest number of those units on this chip.

GeForce RTX 5080 does utilize the full SM/ROP/TMU count of the GB203 chip, but it has one set of NVENC blocked.

Learn more about CUDA Compute Capability . CUDA CC is different from CUDA toolkit version and should not be confused.

Fermi 1.0 was a horrible launch, the whole GeForce GTX 400 series graphics card suffers from high temperatures and low yield, and the situation didn’t change until the release of Fermi 2.0 half a year later.

Early 2D Graphic Designs for PACGA

Sat, 26 Oct 2019 00:00:00 +0000

This document outlines a collection of early two-dimensional graphic design projects created for the Purdue Animation Comic Game Association (PACGA). The primary focus of these works is the development of functional and visually distinct posters and ticketing materials for student events. While the overall design approach occasionally incorporates collaborative digital illustration, the core structural elements rely heavily on typography and strategic textual arrangement to communicate event details effectively to the campus audience.

PACGA Maid Cafe 2019 Promotional Materials

The promotional campaign for the 2019 PACGA Maid Cafe required a cohesive visual identity across both public advertising and physical admission materials. The central poster design features a digital painting of a maid character, created in collaboration with illustrator . The layout utilizes a specific color hierarchy, placing bright yellow and orange typography against the darker, depth-of-field background of the illustration. This contrast ensures that critical event details, such as the October 26 date, the specific time frame, and the Third Street Suite 159 location, remain highly legible. The text placement is balanced around the central figure, guiding the viewer’s eye from the prominent event title in the upper left down to the ticketing logistics at the bottom right. The poster is shown as the featured image of this page.

The physical tickets for the same event adapt this visual identity into a functional, handheld format. The front of the ticket maintains the character artwork by Zhiyu Cao but shifts the color palette to a softer cream background with dark brown text, establishing a clearer contrast for printed text. The layout includes structured demarcations for guest titles and a clearly defined stub section on the right edge. The reverse side of the ticket is dedicated entirely to logistical information, organizing five distinct one-hour time slots for the cafe sessions. Additionally, the back layout incorporates a row of three QR codes linking to the organization’s social media presence across Facebook, Instagram, and Weibo, providing attendees with immediate access to future updates.

Typography-Driven Recruitment Design

A separate project for PACGA involved creating a recruitment poster designed specifically to capture the attention of the anime enthusiast demographic. This piece heavily references the iconic typographic style of the anime series . The design discards traditional pictorial elements in favor of a dense, high-contrast arrangement of sharp white text on a solid black background.

The composition integrates various recognizable anime quotes, community inside jokes, and organizational information arranged in intersecting horizontal and vertical alignments. The alternating font sizes, weights, and varying text orientations create an overwhelming visual density. This approach serves a specific functional purpose: it acts as an immediate cultural signal to the target audience familiar with the source material while creating a striking geometric pattern that stands out on crowded campus bulletin boards. A central QR code is embedded directly within the typographic grid, integrating the primary call to action without disrupting the established aesthetic framework.